Thermal Injuries: the Effects of Freezing.

The problem of freezing will be considered from two standpoints: first, the local lesion and the therapeutic management of the frozen member, and second, the general effects of freezing including the possible presence of secondary shock and depression of the general body temperature. The literature on freezing as compared with burns is not very extensive. This may be accounted for by the fact that burns are caused by agents of civilization, while freezing usually occurs in outof-the-way places. It is thus essentially indigenous to localities where medical attention is scant, and except for such rare instances as Beaumont (and Dafoe), empiric rather than physiological observations are made.